• The presence of Blood Cancer
• Location of the Cancer
• Spreading and Stage of Cancer
• The best blood cancer treatment for that particular patient

There are two types of Biopsy for Blood Cancer – Bone Marrow Biopsy and Lymph Node Biopsy. Go through the complete article to know in detail about both the Biopsies of Blood Cancer.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

Bone Marrow Biopsy is the type of Blood Cancer Diagnostic tests which helps in detecting the presence of cancer cells in the Bone Marrow. Through Bone Marrow Biopsy and Bone Marrow Aspiration, a spongy tissue from the larger bone is collected and examined under the microscope by the pathologist to detect the presence of Blood Cancer. Also, the Bone Marrow Biopsy will help you know about the health of the Bone Marrow.  

The procedure of Bone Marrow Biopsy

To conduct Bone Marrow Biopsy, the doctor would first make a small incision from where the needle would be inserted into the body to take a sample of bone marrow. On the front end of the needle, a syringe is connected. With the help of this syringe, doctors collect the liquid portion of the bone marrow. This process can be repeated several times for multiple samples. In order to collect the solid bone marrow tissue, a larger needle is used which is specially designed to get the core part of bone marrow.

Despite being a several minute process only, it is quite a painful process. So, to reduce the sensation of pain, doctors give local anesthesia to the patient.

What after Bone Marrow Biopsy?

The sample which is collected is sent to the laboratory for analysis. A team of doctors (pathologist or hematologist) will analyze the sample and will provide the result within some days. The result of Bone Marrow Biopsy would tell you that:

• Whether there is a presence of cancer cells or not.
• What is the stage of cancer?
• Whether any treatment is going or whether the treatment is giving results or not?

How to Take Care after Bone Marrow Biopsy

• Wear the bandage for the at least 24 hours after the treatment. Keep the dressing dry for these 24 hours.
• After 24 hours you can go to have a bath.
• Meet the doctor immediately if you face a resolute fever, Worsening pain or discomfort, Increasing redness at the treatment site, swelling after the treatment.
• For comfort, do regular exercise for some days after the treatment.

The risk associated with Bone Marrow Biopsy?

• A person can face the excessive bleeding. This is most seen in the patient with low platelets count.
• A patient with a weak immune system may face an infection.
• Feeling of discomfort at the biopsy site.

You Must Know:  Early Symptoms of Blood Cancer and Causes of Blood Cancer.

Lymph Node Biopsy

Lymph Node Biopsy is the second type of Biopsy which can be carried out on the different types of Blood Cancer . Through the Lymph Node Biopsy, the doctors aim to detect the presence of cancer cells on the lymph node. Lymph nodes are the small and oval-shaped organs. They are the part of the immune system. So, the infection on the lymph node will damage the immunity of the body.

In Lymph Node Biopsy, a sample of the swollen Lymph Node is taken to examine the presence of cancer cells in it. So, to conduct the Lymph Node Biopsy, there are three different ways:

Needle Biopsy

In Needle Biopsy, a small sample of the lymph node is taken out for examination. Needle Biopsy is just a 15-20 minute process. First, the doctor will clean and numb the site of Biopsy. Then a fine needle would be inserted into the lymph node for the sample. The sample is taken out, and a bandage is applied on the site of Biopsy to stop bleeding.

Open Biopsy

Through the Open Biopsy, the entire portion of the lymph node or the whole lymph node is removed. This is quite a painful process, so local or general anesthesia is given to the patient, according to the requirement. The complete Open Biopsy is a 45-minute long process. To carry out Open Biopsy, a small cut will be made on the biopsy site. Now the part or entire lymph node would be removed from there. After getting the lymph node sample, the biopsy site is stitched again, and a bandage is applied on it. The biopsy site would take 10-14 days to heal.

Sentinel Biopsy

Generally, Sentinel biopsy is done to check the spreading of cancer. In this process, a blue dye called tracer is injected from the site of cancer. Now, the infected collect this dye through which the presence and extent of cancer can be detected.

How to Take Care after Lymph Node Biopsy

The doctors will examine the samples and will provide you with a result after 5-7 days. Also, you need to be very conscious about the health and especially about the site where the biopsy was done. Keep the Biopsy site clean and dry as per the doctors prescription. The doctors may also ask you to avoid showers for some days. Also, after the treatment, you may experience fever, chills, swelling, intense pain, and bleeding. So, if you face any of these, meet the doctor immediately.

Risk associated with Lymph Node Biopsy?

• The patient might feel tenderness around the site of Lymph Node Biopsy.
• Numbness in some cases when accidentally the nerve get damaged during the biopsy.
• Bleeding
• Infection (this is rare and can be easily treated with antibiotics)

These are the two types of Blood Cancer Biopsy which the doctors can use while detecting/ diagnosing the Blood Cancer cells. Also, don’t miss to read about other Blood Cancer Diagnostic Test. Book an appointment with the cancer specialist in Jaipur at Candrol and get to know in detail about the Blood cancer Biopsy and Blood Cancer Treatment.

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Leukemia is often diagnosed in kids of age under 15 years or in adults of age 45 and above. Out of all blood cancer cases, about 80-90% of them are of this category. Also, note that Leukaemia is not a one-time infection, it is developed over the period. In a healthy body, the cells grow, multiply their number and then die which is immediately replaced by other new cells whereas the infected/ cancerous cells developed in bone marrow, grow and multiplex just like healthy cells but their lifespan is increased. And if it is not detected in time, cancer cells will outrank the healthy cells in the human body and make you infected.

Leukemia is Further Classified Into Four Sub-Types:

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

In this type of Leukemia, the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal and immature lymphocytes called Lymphoblasts.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia is the state of a body in which bone marrow generates a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells which is known as blasts.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

When a body produces a large number of abnormal B lymphocyte white blood cells, they are under the threat of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. These abnormal B lymphocytes grow with time as it possesses a longer lifespan compared to healthy body cells. Also, it is difficult to distinguish between the normal and abnormal lymphocyte under the microscope.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

When the stem cells present in bone marrow behaves abnormally, it is known as Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Causes of Leukemia

There are various risk factors which are associated with the cause of Leukemia like:

• Inherited Genes or any family history of Leukemia
• Petrochemicals like benzene
• Smoking (mostly leads to acute myeloid leukemia)
• Radiation: Any radiotherapy treatment for any disease in the past or because of continues contact with high radiation
• Genetic Disorder most commonly Down’s Syndrome
• Blood Disorders like Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• Weak Immune System
• Hair Dyes
• Virus-like HTLV-1 and HIV

Symptoms of Leukemia

A body suffering from Leukemia shows a different number of signs and symptoms. Again, keep in mind that these symptoms can vary according to the immunity of your body. Also, you should always be aware of these symptoms as they turn more severe over time.

• Anaemia: Anaemia becomes a symptom as the rate of Red Blood Cells in the body goes down.
• Body Pain
• Nausea and Vomiting
• A headache
• Sweating problem especially the Night Sweats
• Tiredness, Fatigue (Don’t get away even after a warm rest session)
• A bleeding problem as the platelet count of the body goes down
• Undesired Weight Loss
• Swelling of Lymph Nodes
• Frequent Infections because of the lower number of WBCs in the body
• Recurring Fever and Chills

Diagnostic Test For Leukemia

There are a number of diagnostic tests which the doctors perform to verify Leukemia and its level.

Blood Test: This is one of the most suggested options for diagnoses of Leukemia. The blood test reports give the exact idea about Leukaemia, but doctors carry out further advance blood test for confirmation.

Bone Marrow Sample: The cancerous cells target the bone marrow to cause Leukemia. So, this is also an effective way to detect this blood cancer type. This test is conducted by giving local anesthesia to the body, followed by the insertion of a needle in the pelvic bone. Through this, the doctors bring a tiny portion of bone marrow out of the body and check its status under the microscope. Another option which is available is the blood test of the Bone Marrow Sample.

Lumbar Puncture: To conduct this test, a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is required which is present around the spinal cord. To withdraw cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a needle is inserted between the Vertebrae in the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord. This test is most effective when we want to check the spreading of Leukemia.

Cell and Chromosome Analysis: All the above test helps us in detecting Leukemia, but this test will help you know about the specific type of Leukemia from which the patient is suffering as it tells you precisely about the suffering cell.

Treatment of Leukemia

Leukemia is a treatable disease if proper care and treatment are given to the patient. Multiple treatments are available for Leukemia like:

Stem Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation is one of the ideal ways to treat Leukemia. In this treatment, the infected bone marrow is replaced by uninfected bone marrow. Again, these are of two types: autologous transplantation (in which your healthy bone marrow is used as a replacement) or autologous transplantation (in this donor donates you a healthy bone marrow).

Immunotherapy: In this treatment, the immune system is made to remember and attack the cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: Currently, this is the most used treatment for Leukemia. According to the Leukemia type, the drugs are injected or given to the body to kill the cancerous cells. The general drawback of chemotherapy is that the chemo drugs also infects the healthy cells.

Radiation Therapy: In Radiation therapy, a specific area is targeted where the complete radiation will be focused. In this way, the leukemia cells of a particular portion are killed, or their further expansion is reduced.

Targeted Therapy: In Targeted Therapy, medicines are given to the body according to the vulnerability of cancer cells.

So, go for an immediate check if you are facing any of the symptoms. Also, if you have any query or confusion in mind, you are free to contact us. Don’t miss to read about other types of Blood Cancer

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Our blood is made up of three types of blood cells: Red Blood Cells (Carrying Oxygenated Blood), White Blood Cells (these are warriors fighting against infections), Platelets (to clot the blood) and they all originate from Bone Marrow. Therefore, cancer cells target bone marrow which automatically affects the normal functioning of cells and over the period, it gets developed into a big blood tumour called Blood Cancer.

For the proper diagnoses and treatment, there are three types of blood cancer – Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma. Read the complete article, to know about the types of Blood Cancer with their early symptoms and causes.

Leukemia

In a healthy body, the white blood cells grow and multiples in number, so that there can be plenty of good cells in the body and with time these cells die which is immediately replaced by other new cells. This mechanism goes on in a healthy body. But when a cancer cell infects the white blood cell, the rate of multiplexing remains the same, but these abnormal cells won’t die. Over the time, they grow and outrank the number of healthy cells in the body. This is how leukemia develops. Leukemia is further classified into four types:

• Acute myelogenous leukemia
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The factors which lead to Leukemia are:

• Hair Dyes
• Age (Above 55)
• Smoking
• Petrochemicals
• Alkylating Chemotherapy Agents
• Ionizing Radiation
• Virus such as HTLV-1 and HIV

Symptoms of Leukaemia

The sign and symptoms of Leukemia may vary according to the body type and stage. But the common symptoms which can be experienced by a Leukemia suffering body are:

• Tiredness
• Swollen Tonsils
• Pinhead sized red spots on the skin
• Weight Loss
• Sweating at Night
• Fever and Chills
• Headache
• Swollen or bleeding
• Fatigue

Lymphoma

In Lymphoma, lymphocytes – a type of white blood cell supporting the immune system of the body are attacked/ infected by cancer cells. The most prone Lymphoma Lymphocytes are present at lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow. There are two types of Lymphoma:

Hodgkin: In this type, the lymph nodes are affected one after another in series/ chain order.

Non-Hodgkin: This is a desperate type of Lymphoma, in which any lymph node can be affected without any order.

According to stats, Lymphoma is most likely to happen in kids and adults ageing between 15-24 years. Also, the old age people of 60 and above may get diagnosed with Lymphoma. The general causes of Lymphoma are Age, Weak Immune System, Viral and Bacterial Infection, Sex (a majority of lymphoma cases are diagnosed in females), radiation, chemicals, Obesity, and diet.

Symptoms of Lymphoma

Again, not to forget that these symptoms vary according to body and stage of cancer. The typical symptoms of Lymphoma are:

• Swelling on lymph nodes, neck, armpits, groin
• Weight Loss
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Itching
• Breathing Problem
• Cough
• Night Sweats
• Fever

Myeloma

Myeloma is developed when immunoglobulins present in plasma cells are infected by the cancer cells. These immunoglobulins in plasma cells are assigned to fight against the harmful substances found in the body like bacteria and virus. Myeloma is subdivided into two sub-categories:

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Smouldering Myeloma

Out of 100 blood cancer patients, about 10% of them are likely to fall under Myeloma. The above image shows who are more prone to Myeloma. The common causes observed behind the origin of Myeloma are age (average 65), inherited genes, Gender (mostly found in men). So, go for an immediate check-up once you experience the below symptoms:

• Anaemia
• Renal Damage (Kidney Failure)
• Bone Pain
• Weight Loss
• Fatigue
• Osteoporosis
• Bone Swelling

So, anyone who has blood cancer must undergo the detection tests to know the specific blood cancer types. This will be good for proper treatment. No doubt, these types are treatable when diagnosed on time. Also, don’t miss to read about specific blood cancer types in detail. If you have any query, you can consult with our experienced doctors.

You Must Read our blog on Blood Cancer Prevention to prevent this life-threatening disease!

Must Read:

Non-surgical, Natural Cancer Treatment – Candrol

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Cancer affecting the Lymphatic System/ lymph nodes of the body is known as Lymphoma.  It is a type of blood cancer in which the cancer-causing abnormal cells target the bone marrow where they infect the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells).

Lymphoma weakens the immune system of a human body because of the depleting number of white blood cells in the human body. This type of blood cancer is mostly diagnosed in the old age people (60+) or in the young adult age (20-40).

Although there are different types of lymphomas, the most recognizable forms of lymphomas are named as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

1. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

This disease is counted as the unusual types of the disease which involves Reed-Sternberg cells. Even Hodgkin’s lymphoma has six different subtypes where they all possess some unique properties, which can be observed under a microscope whereas World Health Organization (WHO) classification system has declared four types of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma which are-

• Nodular Sclerosing
• Mixed Cellularity
• Lymphocyte Rich
• Lymphocyte depleted

2. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

Unlike Hodgkin’s lymphomas, these are the common type of disease in young adults who do not involve Reed-Sternberg cells. Talking about types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, there are 61 types of this disease. Well, this is quite difficult to detail every type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as they are large in number and there are different treatment methods which are used for every kind of this disease.

So, the current standard classification which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is based on its appearance that is analyzed under a microscope. It depends on mainly these points-

• Chromosomal characteristics of the lymphoma cells
• Their existence of individual proteins
• Whether it originated in B-cells or T-cells. Both the cells are defined below-

B-Cell Lymphomas

According to the data of U.S. about 85%% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas diagnosed there, are B-cell lymphomas. So, mainly, the Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas are originated from B-Cells. Going into more detail, the Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or DLBCL is the most common subtypes of B-Cells. It is followed by primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in which primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma is usually easy to treat while intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare one.

T-Cell Lymphomas

Unlike B-Cells, 15 % of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are a T-cell type. T-Cell Lymphomas also contain numerous subtypes, but most of them are rare. The largest subgroups of T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma or leukaemia. It is considered as Leukaemia, according to the amount of bone marrow affected. Another large group after Precursor T-lymphoblastic is the peripheral T-cell lymphomas. This type of T cell includes most of the subtypes.

Causes and Risk Factors of Lymphomas

As we all know that the reason behind the origin of Lymphoma is the abnormal growth of the cancer cells in the lymphatic system. Most commonly it happens to target the sites like Lung, Liver, and Bone Marrow.

The rise of Lymphoma in the human body is supported by a number of risk factors like:

Weak Immune System: People with a weak immune system are more prone to get infected with cancer cells because of the deficit of White Blood Cells (WBC).

• Age: Most of the Lymphoma cases are diagnosed in people with 60 and above age and in the young adults.
• Chemicals: Some of the chemicals used in Agriculture are the cause behind Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
• Nuclear Radiation
• Bacterial and Viral Infections
• Diet and Obesity
• Hair Dye
• Family History of Lymphoma

Symptoms of Lymphoma

Reduce the chances of getting caught by the Lymphoma cells by eliminating all the above risk factors. If you fail to do so, then get ready to experience symptoms like:

• Swelling in Lymph Nodes present at Groin, Neck, Armpits, Abdomen.
• Fever (without infection)
• Night Sweats and Chills
• Coughing
• Breathing Problem
• Unintentional Weight Loss
• Pain
• Itching
• Fatigue and Tiredness
• Seizures

Note that these symptoms can vary according to the body health and immune system. Some people might experience no symptoms while some may suffer even more severe symptoms.

Diagnosis of Lymphoma

If you are facing any of the above symptoms, go for an immediate check-up. Don’t miss to take the past health history reports as it will be helpful for the doctors in diagnosing you. According to the patient’s health history and symptoms, the doctor can undergo a variety of tests like:

Blood Test: As Lymphoma affects the functioning of white blood cells, so in the blood test, the first thing which will be checked is the functionality and performance of blood cells and other body organs like kidney, liver, etc. The blood test is also helpful in determining the type of Lymphoma.

Biopsy: In Biopsy, the doctors take out a sample of tissue from the lump or mass swelling. Now, the pathologists will conduct various tests on the tissue to justify the stage of Lymphoma. Also, it will be helpful to check whether the cancer cells have influenced the other organs or not.

Imaging Test: When it comes to checking the secondarily infected organs of the body, Imaging Tests are the primary choice of the doctors as the imaging test gives the actual health report of the body organs. The Imaging Test includes methods like MRI, CT Scan, X-Ray, PET.

Treatment of Lymphoma

There are various treatment options available for Lymphoma, and it is treatable too. Doctors conclude about the treatment method according to the Detection test report.

Chemotherapy: This is an aggressive method in which drugs are given to the body to kill the cancer cells, but they may also harm the healthy cells of the body.

Radioimmunotherapy: In Radioimmunotherapy, high powered radioactive doses are given to the body in order to kill the cancerous B-cells and C-cells.

Steroids: Steroids are injected in the body to kill the cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy: In Radiation Therapy, small patches of cancer infected areas are taken and treated.

Stem Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation is used to restore the damaged/ infected bone marrow.

Antibody Therapy: Antibody Therapy is the kind of therapy in which the synthetic antibodies are inserted in the bloodstreams to fight cancer agents.

Biologic Therapy: It is one of the most suggested methods for Lymphoma treatment. In Biologic Therapy, living microorganisms are inserted into the body to stimulate the immune system to eliminate the cancer cells.

Surgery: Surgery is also a good option to treat Lymphoma. Through the operation, the doctors remove cancer affects organs from the body.  

Hope you are now well aware with the types of Lymphoma, its causes, treatment, symptoms, and diagnosis. Still, if you have any query, feel free to contact us via comments. Also, you can fill the contact form for a one-to-one conversation with our specialist. Don’t miss to read about the other types of Blood Cancer, especially about Leukemia.

You Must Know: Early Signs and Symptoms of Blood Cancer

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In the Indian context, almost 1.5 percent of males and females are diagnosed with blood cancer at some stage of their life. Studies show that close to every three minutes, one person is diagnosed with a blood cancer in the United States. The cases of blood cancers such as leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma are going to be more in the year 2018. However, the good news is, you can avoid cancers by cutting the causes up to 70%. For this, you need to bring out smart changes in your lifestyle. Having a healthy nutritious diet, sticking to a physical exercise routine and of course, getting rid of a few bad habits – like tobacco consumption, can help you reduce chances of blood cancer. Giving up on bad eating habits will surely be the first step towards staying safe from life-threatening diseases like blood cancer. In this article, we discuss the symptoms as well as the important tips for blood cancer prevention.

Symptoms of Blood Cancer

When you have blood cancer, you are likely to experience these symptoms. Take these as warning signs of cancer.

• Anaemia: Anaemia is a condition when the body is unable to manufacture enough red blood cells. Or, you have enough of them but they cannot do well in their normal routine. You may feel tired and weak, dizziness, pain in the chest and shortness of breath.
• Low blood clotting: Platelets in the blood are responsible for clotting. When you don’t have enough of them, blood clotting becomes hard. Thus, when you get a minor injury resulting in bleeding, it doesn’t impede. Often you might experience bleeding from the nose as well. Besides bleeding gum, stools looking black or streaked red, small dots on your skin from broken blood vessels and unusual bruising are some of the symptoms.

Apart from this, you might get sick and it takes longer to get well. This is because of poor immunity.

Blood Cancer Prevention

The causes of blood cancer include the age of the individual, history of cancer in the family, immunity and certain infections.

Prevention is the best way to avoid cancer. Instead of getting affected by the disease knowingly, feeling the pain, you can just avoid certain things to avert blood cancer. You need to bring minor changes in your lifestyle, which we have pointed out earlier in the article. Here are a few tips on blood cancer prevention that will help you.

1. Give up tobacco – Tobacco smoking is associated with many types of cancer. By avoiding tobacco you can prevent cancer easily. If you’re a smoker, stop smoking immediately. The sooner you do, the better will get the result.
2. Make sure to eat healthy food – Include fruits and vegetables, reducing high-calorie foods (refined sugars and animal fats), giving up alcohol or drinking moderately, consuming less processed meats would be the best to follow. All these measures will help you prevent blood cancer. These are some of the suggestions with regard to blood cancer prevention food
3.  Use good drinking water – Make sure to filter off potential cancer-causing and hormone-disrupting chemicals. Instead of bottled water drink filtered tap water. Store water in a stainless steel or glass vessel in order to prevent chemical contaminants like BPA that can come from plastic bottles.
4. Drink plenty of water – Drinking a lot of water and other fluids are likely to reduce the risk of cancer in the bladder. Water dilutes the concentration of cancer-causing chemicals in the urine and thus sends them out through the bladder.
5. Protect yourself from sunshine – Avoid sunshine between 1000 hours to 1600 hours. During this time, the sun rays are strong and can cause damage to your skin and other vital parts such as blood. Of course, when you’ve to be outdoors, make sure to rest in shade as long as possible and wear sunglasses or a hat with a broad brim. Use sunscreen as much as required. Don’t’ tan beds and sunlamps.
6. Avoid dry cleaning – Perc is used in dry cleaning and is one of the carcinogenic agents responsible for blood cancer, kidney cancer as a 2010 study by National Academies of Sciences. The better option is washing your clothes manually with soap or detergent.
7. Consume whole grains – A Harvard Medical School study on 38,000 women shows that when the food is of the type that raises the blood sugar level rapidly, the risk of colorectal cancer is higher as compared to women who consumed less glycemic foods coming from whole grains. Foods such as white bread, pasta, potatoes, etc. have a high glycemic index.
8. Avoid cell phone too long – As far as possible, use your cell phone only for short call or texting. Using a hands-free mobile is the best advice to reduce any unforeseen risk rather than protecting against the danger.
9. Exercise regularly – Studies show that moderate exercise like walking briskly two hours a week is likely to reduce the risk of cancer. Regular exercise would help you in burning fat, which is likely to produce estrogens known for causing breast cancer.
10. Consume Brazil nuts – Brazil nuts are an excellent source of selenium. Selenium is best known for its antioxidant properties that reduce the risk of bladder cancer in female as shown in studies by Dartmouth Medical School show. Selenium protects cells from damage by free radicals that are responsible for the growth of tumours.
11. Choose the right colour – According to doctors in Spain, choosing your outfit for outdoors would help you protect against cancer. The research shows that blue and red fabrics act best in protection against UV radiation from the sun.
12. Healthy weight – Maintaining your health at a healthy level as per your age and height would help you lower the risk of cancer of prostate, breast, colon, kidney, and lung.
13. Don’t ignore the pain – If you feel there is a pain in the pelvic region or bloated stomach the first thing you need to do is urinate and see your doctor. These are the symptoms of ovarian cancer.
14. Get immunization properly – Your cancer prevention should include protection against viral infections as well. The infection that you should go for immunization is Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV). Hepatitis B is likely to increase the risk of liver cancer, and immunization is recommended for high-risk groups. HPV is an STD virus that may result in cervical and other genital system organs and squamous cell cancers of the neck and head. The HPV immunization should be performed on girls and boys aged 11 and 2years respectively. It’s also useful for adults for both genders (26 or younger) who didn’t have the vaccine before.
15. The fewer scans, the better – CT scans are a great breakthrough tool, but they are not as safe as X-rays. In many instances, CT scans are done even if they’re not needed. When more such scans are performed, it leads to high amounts of radiation going to the body, which can initiate blood cancer like leukaemia. So avoid CT scanning, and instead go for MRI or ultrasound according to doctor’s advice.
16. Don’t risk your life – Avoid such risky behaviour that may contract you with infections: unsafe sex, sharing needles, etc. Make sure to be involved in safe sex. Trust your partner and be a trusted as a reliable partner. Also, by sharing needles, you run the risk of infections that may ultimately lead to cancer. When you go to the hospital, insist on using a syringe needle each time unless it’s not so there.
17. Get checked – Check yourself and see the doctor if you are unsure. Even if there is any abnormal symptom, that is a suspicious symptom of potential cancer, the best thing is to take professional advice or it might be too late.

Every individual dreads cancer. Be it blood cancer or any other type, once it comes to you, you’re almost gone. However, taking certain sensible steps without going by the intense desire to please your five senses can help you prevent cancer. The blood cancer prevention tips are a few of the myriad solutions available.  However, in the busy day-to-day life, you need to be smart, sensible and exercise wisdom while keeping your lifestyle at a reasonable level without risking your health. Following the correct diet and regular exercise will definitely help you in reducing the risk of undergoing any kind of blood cancer treatment. Along with these take a trip to your doctor’s clinic and discuss if you are undergoing any variation inside your body in a negative manner. It is suggested to take precautions and also to be extra attentive to every change you encounter. Spread the knowledge with your friends and families and let them get aware of blood cancer.

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Wondering what is blood cancer exactly? How the Blood Cancer is Caused? Our body functions due to the continuous pumping of blood. This blood contains three essential components. These three components are namely; red blood cells (RBCs) that help to transport oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells (WBCs) that aid in fighting infections and diseases that attack the smooth working of the human body and platelets that assist in the blood clot. These are what we know as the elements that form stem cells. 

What are Stem Cells?

Stems have the capacity to develop into any type of blood cell as they multiply. Any difficulty in this process leads to the production of a huge quantity of immature cells. There may also be a condition when the bone marrow gets clogged up and fails to allow other blood cells to perform their tasks.

Major Reason for Blood Cancer

To know how blood cancer occurs, read and avoid the below-mentioned reasons of blood cancer.

• Increasing age: Though this is a cause of blood cancer, please note that cancer can affect anyone at any age. 
• Infections: Infections can often lead to the disruption of the proper functioning of cells. Infections are nothing but foreign substances in the body that does not go well with what the system is used to. Infections of any sort that are in direct contact with the blood are the causes of Blood Cancer. 
• Substandard Immune System: In case your immune system is not up to the mark due to repeated ailments or lack of proper nutrition, you may be at risk of developing blood cancer. Weak Immune System is the main cause of blood cancer as observed by the specialists. 
• Chemicals: It often happens that chemicals in adulterated food items that we consume or the products we apply to our bodies, may be harmful to the blood and may cause blood cancer.
• Radiation treatments: Radiation treatment is used for ailments other than cancer as well. Thus, this exposure may also lead to the growth of cancer cells.
• Genes (Including Genetic Disorders): Not all, but certain types of cancers are known to be genetic. This means that in case you have a family history of sufferers, you too may be at risk. Heredity is among the major causes of blood cancer in children.
• HIV/AIDS: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The name itself clarifies that the immune system is compromised.
• Organ transplant: Organs from the bodies of others may also carry these cancer cells which grow in the new body after transplant. In fact, it’s possible that the donor has a family history of cancer.
• Smoking: Cigarettes have tobacco which is a great contributor to the development of cancer cells.

Other Possible Risk Factors of Blood Cancer

Apart from the above-mentioned causes of Blood Cancer, there are many other too which can lead you to Blood Cancer. The other possible Risk Factors of Blood Cancer are:

• Western Diet: Western diet or we can say the fast food is also a factor behind Blood Cancer Cause. Western Diet as a Blood Cancer Risk Factor is currently diagnosed in the western countries.
• Sucralose: Sucralose is also a factor behind blood cancer cause.
• Electromagnetic Fields (Power Lines): Cancer through power lines or electromagnetic fields are the cause generally seen in children. Children living or having a residence near to the power lines are at the increased risk of blood cancer.
• Radon: Radon is nowadays available in the homes in the form of ionizing radiation. So, Radon is also a factor behind Blood Cancer.
• Coffee and Tea: The studies are going on regarding cancer’s relation between coffee and tea but it has said that the people with high tea/ coffee consumption are more prone to blood cancer.

Types of Blood Cancer-

#1 Leukemia

There are four primary types of leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There are cancers that mainly hamper the white blood cells and bone marrow. It leads to quick division of the cells but they do not get the adequate time to grow and develop. Thus, they are unable to do their work. This results in a compromised and not up to the mark immune system that fails to fight infections and foreign substances. There are referred to as ‘acute’ when they develop too fast and need immediate treatment while they are ‘chronic’ when they progress slowly and do not need immediate attention. The major causes behind Leukemia are: 

• Artificial Ionizing Radiation
• Viruses
• Petrochemicals and Benzene
• Smoking
• Alkylating Chemotherapy Agents
• Hair Dyes

#2 Lymphoma

Two types of lymphoma are Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. It affects the lymphatic system which then fails to transform the WBCs to different parts of the body and the removal of waste products from the blood is also compromised.

• Age
• Sex
• Chemicals and radiation
• Infection
• Autoimmune disease
• Body Weight and Diet

#3 Myeloma

This is also called multiple myeloma and impacts plasma cells which are charged with the duty of producing antibodies to fight infections.

• You’re older than 65
• You have a family member who suffered from Myeloma
• Solitary plasmacytoma
• Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Link of Blood Pressure with the Cancer

First, it is very important to understand that what is blood pressure. In simple words, blood pressure is the pressure or force of the blood in one’s circulatory system. It is closely linked to the rate of one’s heartbeat and the elasticity of the artery walls. Studies and research show the high blood pressure is linked to high chances of developing blood cancer. High blood pressure is also referred to as ‘hypertension’ and may undoubtedly lead to higher risk of kidney cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, bowel cancer, oral cancer as well as melanoma and nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. 

Drugs of Blood Pressure and their Link with the Cancer

Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) block angiotensin II and increase blood pressure. Thus, medicines used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure and diabetes slightly increase the risk of developing cancer. These drugs are causes of low blood pressure in cancer patients.

General and Early Stage Symptoms of Blood Cancer

Few Common early stage symptoms of blood cancer are mentioned below:

• Coughing which can lead to pain or heaviness in the chest.
• Frequent and repeated fevers.
• Recurring infections which are not cured even after medication.
• Development of rashes, redness, patchy skin and itchiness. There might be constant skin irritation.
• Rapid loss of appetite.
• There is a constant feeling of uneasiness and nausea even after no intake of food.
• Night Sweats
• Abdominal pain
• Bleeding gums
• Blood in urine
• Bleeding Nose
• Joint pain
• There are a persistent fatigue and lack of energy.
• There is no will to move or engage in any physical activity.
• Easily getting tired. Loss of breath even without much work.
• Swollen but painless lymph nodes in underarms, crotch, and neck.

Prevention of the Causes of Blood Cancer

Besides going for the cure, always try to prevent the disease. So, here we provide some of the prevention methods of blood cancer which the doctors primarily suggest.

• Regular exercise and physical fitness are very important. There must at least one sports engagement or a minimum 30 minutes of activity. Exercise can eliminate the reasons behind blood cancer and must be done every day whether one is observing the symptoms or not. 
• The body weight must be in accordance with one’s height and weight. Underweight people must increase their weight while those who are obese must shed the extra kilos. Maintaining the Body Mass Index can avoid the causes of blood cancer. 
• Calorie dense foods and aerated drinks must be avoided. The body is what it eats. Thus, soft drinks and junk must stay away from. However, they are fine to be consumed in little proportions. In fact, processed meat is also recommended to be avoided.
• Alcohol must be limited. Casual and occasional drinking is accepted as well as recommended for the benefits of different drinks. But, too much of it is dangerous.
• Salt must be taken in only the right proportion. This is linked to blood pressure as spoken about earlier.
• Supplements and self-medication must be avoided as far as possible. Only those drugs must be taken that are prescribed by certified doctors.

These were some of the methods through which you can minimize the blood cancer risk factors. Still, if you have any query in mind, clarify it by booking an appointment with our expert. Also, don’t miss to read about the Blood cancer stages and types of blood cancer in adults.

The post How is blood cancer caused? – 13 Major Reasons appeared first on Candrol Cancer Treatment & Research Center.

 What is Blood Cancer? Our blood comprises of different cell types which include RBCs (red blood cells for carrying oxygen), platelets (help in the blood clot) and WBCs (white blood cells help in fighting the infections.) They all originally develop from body’s generative stem cells, which possess the potential to transform and develop into any blood cell type as they undergo division and maturation.

But the problems arise in the process wherein differentiation takes place. Abnormal division, growth and uncontrollable development and spread of deteriorated blood cells leads to blood cancer.  

The problem of defective division and differentiation often lead to the production of a large number of immature blood cells. They are not capable to perform the correct and proper functioning of the normal cells. At times they can even ‘clog up’ the bone marrow thus preventing other cells to function properly.

Different Types of Blood Cancer

There are 3 major types of blood cancer:

1. Leukemia: This affects the bone marrow thus disrupting the circulatory system to produce new blood. Therefore, this cancer develops and spreads in the blood-forming tissue thus reducing and hampering the production process of the blood. Leukemia may be ‘chronic’ or ‘acute’. Chronic conditions progress slowly and do not require intensive blood cancer treatment immediately. Acute conditions are when they develop too fast and need immediate treatment. Four main types of leukemia are acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
2. Lymphoma: This severely hampers the functioning of the lymphatic system, thereby disrupting the lymphatic system cells called as lymphocytes. It is one of the varieties of white blood cell that performs strong immunity building. This type of blood cancer is more common than Leukaemia. It includes increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol consumption.
3. Myeloma: This blood cancer forms in the blood’s plasma cell which is another type of white blood cell made in bone marrow of the body.

Causes of Blood Cancer

The exact underlying cause of leukemia is not known, but it might result due to changes in the genetic and environmental factors.

• Leukemia cells when undergo acquired defective mutations in their DNA it results in the abnormal growth of cells and loses the normal functions of typical white blood cells.
• It is not yet understood what causes these mutations to occur. Mostly there is a change in the cells’ DNA which is known as a chromosome translocation. In this one chromosome portion breaks off and gets attaches to another chromosome.
• One translocation which is visible in almost all cases of CML and at times in other types of blood cancer is an exchange of DNA between chromosomes 9 and 22. This result in the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome. This creates an oncogene. Oncogene is a cancer-promoting gene called as BCR-ABL. This DNA change is not inherited but can occur during a lifetime of an infected person.
• Generally, Leukaemia is not hereditary, but certain genetic mutations and conditions can be passed along to off-springs.

Also read: Early Signs and Symptoms of Blood Cancer

Prevention From Blood Cancer

The basic prevention methods for Blood Cancer are as follows:

• By consuming a healthy balanced nutritious any disease can be reduced.
• Adopting a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet supports the immune system. Thereby patient stay is able to fight back from the disease and stays strong during treatments.
• Maintaining a healthy body weight is equally necessary for any treatment to work effectively.
• Drinking adequate amount of water and daily physical activities, avoiding drugs, alcohol, and tobacco increases lifespan.
• Protect yourself from the sun rays. As they cause skin cells to change and undergo defective mutations. So make use of sunscreen, umbrellas, shades, cover exposed areas and avoiding midday sun protects from sun’s harmful effects.
• Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. These are just as damaging as natural sunlight.
• Get immunized by vaccination is very important to help you prevent the development of several diseases. Also, pre-existing antibodies shield you from many day to day pathogenic activity.
• Avoid risky behaviors and make use of safe physical intimacy, don’t use shared needles, and get a regular medical check-up to prevent yourself from the disease and live a healthy and safe life.

So, try to opt these prevention methods to keep yourself away from the blood cancer risk factors. For more details and consultation on this, you can book an appointment with us.

The post What is Blood Cancer, Types, Causes and Prevention! appeared first on Candrol Cancer Treatment & Research Center.

So, to put it in simple terms, blood cancer occurs when the body produces a huge number of immature blood cells which are unable to perform their function properly the way they are meant to be. In fact, the bone marrow may also get clogged and this stops the other types of blood cells from doing their work as well. It is imperative to note that blood cancer can occur in anyone’s body at any given point of time and is beyond human control at the moment. Just remember that you are not alone. Let’s read and find out what are the early symptoms of blood cancer.

What are the Early Symptoms of Blood Cancer

Most common early stage symptoms of blood cancer include:

• Weakness and easy fatigue
• Shortness of breath even with least activity
• Easily occurring bone fractures
• Easy bruising
• Bleeding gums
• Frequent fevers and infections even after treatment
• Sweating at night
• Weight loss
• Nausea
• Lymph node swelling
• Enlarged abdominal organs
• Abdominal pain, back pain or pain in the bones and joints
• Bleeding Nose
• Headaches and blurry vision
• Itchy skin and rashes
• Urination difficulty

Early Symptoms of Blood Cancer in Children

In adults, early symptoms of blood cancer can be diagnosed and treated at the right time, but the things become quite complicated when this life-threatening disease grabs children, find out how to identify the first stage symptoms of blood cancer in children.

• Lack of red blood cells can be detected by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, dizziness or blackouts, headaches, shortness of breath, pale skin and lips and feeling cold even when no one else in the rooms feels so.
• Low white blood cell count can be detected by symptoms such as repeated infections due to the inability of white blood cells to fight against them and constant fever.
• A problematic count of platelets can be detected by symptoms such as easily formed bruises, bleeding nose, and bleeding gums.
• Blood cancer cells can also be perceived by signs such as joint pain, swollen belly due to enlarged lower ribs, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes at the neck, underarms or groin, nausea, headaches, rashes, bleeding gums, and coughing.

Different Types of Blood Cancer and Their Early Symptoms

• Leukemia: This is cancer that affects mainly the white blood cells and bone marrow. Since they divide at a rapid rate, they do not develop properly and are unable to fight infections that attack the body. This depletes the body’s immune system. Leukemia may be ‘chronic’ or ‘acute’. This depends on how fast they spread and need attention and treatment. Chronic conditions progress slowly and do not require intensive treatment right away. On the other hand, acute conditions are those that develop too fast and need immediate treatment. Four main types of leukemias include acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Some other types of leukemia may refer to acute promyelocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. In addition to the common symptoms, early Stage Symptoms of Leukemia include patchy pink or tan skin, sores on the hands and feet and blasts under the skin or other body parts.

• Lymphoma: This affects the lymphatic system which is charged with the duty of transporting white blood cells all over the body to fight infections and remove waste products. This may develop in any part of the body such as lymph nodes, bone marrow, blood, spleen or any other organ. Two main types of lymphoma are Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. In addition to the general early symptoms of blood cancer, this may also include increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol consumption.

• Myeloma: this affects white blood cells which are referred to as the plasma cells. They are required to produce antibodies that fight foreign invasions in the body. Early Symptoms of myeloma include fractures, joint pain, low count of red blood cells, less white blood cells, high level of calcium in the blood, nervous system problems, hyperviscosity kidney problems, and damages such as numb hands, heart problems, enlarged liver, enlarged tongue and patchy skin.

Stages of Blood Cancer and the Relevant Early Symptoms:

Stage 1:

• Low risk as cancer has not spread or affected any physical organ.
• Enlarged lymph nodes due to the increase of the lymphocytes.

Stage 2:

• All organs may not get affected simultaneously but at least one organ is bound to get affected.
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Enlarged liver
• Enlarged spleen
• The high growth rate of lymphocytes.

Stage 3:

• More than two organs get affected.
• Anemia develops in addition to the above-mentioned symptoms.

Stage 4:

• This is the last stage with the highest risk. The platelet count falls rapidly.
• Lungs are also affected.
• Anemia becomes acute.

It is imperative to get the body checked at regular intervals and be strong as this too shall pass. If you are facing any of these early blood cancer symptoms you must consult a specialist for the best blood cancer treatment. The doctor will conduct a various number of diagnostic test and according to that, the treatment type will be decided. 

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